Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a condition in which the brain has trouble processing sensory inputs, such as touch, taste, smell, hearing, and vision. It is normally observed in neurodivergent individuals, but neurotypical people can also have them. SPD is not medically diagnosed, but therapists can diagnose and treat it if it interferes with day-to-day functioning.
What are the causes of SPD?
Researchers still do not know what causes SPD. However, it is speculated that there might be a genetic or environmental cause for the same.
What are some types of sensory processing disorder?
There are many types of sensory processing disorders, some of which are given below:
Sensory over-responsivity (SOR): Individuals with SOR are very sensitive to sensory processes. For instance, they may react intensely to being suddenly touched or hearing loud noises.
Sensory under responsivity (SUR): These individuals are less sensitive to sensory stimuli. They would be oblivious to sensory changes and end up hurting themselves unintentionally or being clumsy. For instance, holding a cup of hot coffee and not noticing the pain with regard to it, unless it's too late.
Sensory Discrimination Disorder: Individuals having it would have difficulty differentiating between different kinds of sensory information. They take more time to process and understand sensory stimuli.
Postural disorder: Individuals with postural disorder will have difficulty performing motor activities. They would have difficulty even standing or sitting properly.
Dyspraxia: People with Dyspraxia will have trouble carrying out a wide range of motor activities. They are clumsy and risk getting into accidents.
How to help a child with sensory processing disorder?
If your child has sensory processing disorder, talk to a pediatrician or child specialist regarding the issues first. Getting in touch with their school staff can also help in helping the child adjust well. Physical and occupational therapy can also be highly beneficial. Most importantly, communicate with your child regarding this.
What is the treatment for sensory processing disorder?
Treatment options for Sensory processing disorder can include occupational therapy, physical therapy, sensory integration therapy, or sensory diet. Let us look at them below:
Occupational therapy: Occupational therapists can include play-based activities and help support the child’s sensory needs.
Physical therapy: It would include physical exercises like jumping jacks, running, etc, to improve the child’s motor skills.
Sensory integration therapy: Through this approach, the child learns various ways to respond to their senses.
Sensory diet: Sensory diet is not just about food, it is about what can feed the nervous system. It comes along with physical activity, food, and other elements that can help support your child. For instance, if a child is quite restless, they might be recommended to eat chewy foods, play with chewy toys, and indulge in physical activities like wall pushes or swinging.
It is important to note that sensory issues cannot be cured. They can only be managed with the right treatment options.
Sensory processing disorder is not an illness or a disease. With love, patience, and support, they can shine in their own unique way. They are not differently abled but differently wired!
